Btjiidihg



l. Tl SIMPSON.

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION. A PPucATloN man Ha, l, 191s.

Patented July 18, 1922.

Innen/Zar A 2am #Harney-K JOI-IN T. SIBLFSON, OF 'NEXVLAgR-K; NEW' JERSEY.

BUILDNG CONSTRUCTION.

Application filed February 1, 1918.

To all fiel/0n?. if muy cour/'cwi Tie it linown that l. JOHN T. SiMrsoN, a citizen off the lliiited States. residingl at Newark, in thecounty otlflssei; State of New Jersey have invented av certain new and useful Improvement in Building` Construetioin ol which the following is a specication.

Mv invention relates to building construction'.` and more particularly to composite hnilrilings wherein the load carrying,` members are composed of reinforced concrete and which. consists of shop cast and field made elements1 and the surface members of which comprise plastic material backed up liv metal lathiiig` or shea-thing` and a moisture-proof material.

.lily shop east elements l' mean those portions ottlie structure which may be constriicted in a history and, shipped to the point oit erection. The shop cast elements are tow in number as regards size and coniiauratioii and buildings of any size of various types may be built by einployinmore or oi such elements. These elements are coiiii'iosed manufactured in the shop under the very best ot conditions. The molds being' permanent inl character the work may be turned out in perfect shape as regards dimensions, density` disposition oit' the reinforcements and finish; lllhey may be artiiicially dried and set and the speed at which they are constructed will be vastly greater than if they were cast on the job and one factory will he able to turn out such elements in sufficient quantities to keep manyy erecting gangs at widely difercnt points supplied with such material.

By Field made7 elements are meant those portions of the building' which are constructed at the point` of assembly 1 and include the vertical load carrying elements or studs.

The surface elementsl such. as the outside of the structure, the walls. the ceilings, the partitions and the floors are likewise constructed at the point of or the material employed in such surface, i. e. the lathing` or cathing' and the moisture-proof material are factory made and placed in position during the construction of the field cast elements.

The objects of my invention are to provide structure which will be simple of construction, may be built largelyv by un- Speccatioii of Letters Patent.

ot reinforced concrete and may be ,may be 'either assembly. Certain Patented July iv, Serial No. 214,836.

are designated by corresponding characters of reference,.and in which- Y K v Figure l isa vertical sectionall view or" a vall ot a building constructed according to niv invention. Figure 2 is Figure lf.

Figure is a section on the line 2-V2 of a section on the: line 3-3 of 4 Fien re l.

Figure el is Figure l.

Figure 5 is a detail view showing aimethod et securing; the sheathing or lli-thing,l to a concrete element.

Fie'. 5 a. detail sectional view the section beiiml talren at right anglesl to Fig'. 5.

Figure 6 is ar detail perspective view of al portion ola. shop-cast element.

Figure .7 is a detail view of an anchor or a section on the line 4`4f of hairpin.

Figure 8 is a trent elevation ot a building `constructedi according to my invention with the outer surface removed.

Fie'. 9 is a detaill sectional yiewshowing` a modification7` and F l0 isa detail sectionalview showingv `a modified anchorage.

Referring to the drawings-t 1. designates a4 building` constructed in accordance with my invention. The buildingr`r` as shown in Figure 8 is a two story structure having a door opening' 2. window openings 3 and rafters il forsupporting a hip root. As shown the buildingy comprises ay sill 5 `which shop or eld cast as desired. The trame of. the building', kas shown, consists et a skeleton framework ofverticle field cast elementsor studs 6 and horizontal shop cast element. It willV be understood that similar eld cast studs are provided in the interior of the building to .define thebou'nd= aries ot the room, hallways. stairwaysr, etc., and to which. the walls forming. the partitions maybesecured.. Y

`Certain of the shop cast elements as 7 lapping the Walls of the molds and act as lintels for the doors and Windows and others as S act as sills for the door and Window openings. Other of the shop cast elements as 9 are inthe form of struts to properly space and brace the lield cast elements and to which the surface coatings maj.' be secured. The rafters el; are Shop cast and the roof maj7 be flat or of angT forni desired. The floor beams 10 are preferablj7 shop cast.

rEhe shop cast elements are of reinforced concrete and the reinforcements Til, of Whatever form the),v may be, project from the ends of the elements. 'During` the manufacture of the shop east elements and before the concrete is introduced into the molds s nchor members l2, preferably in the form of Wire bent- Vto fitaple or hair pin79 form, are attached to the reinforcements at intervals and pass through the Walls of the molds. lVhen the shop cast elements are turned out thej7 will be of reinforced concrete blocks of various sizes and shapes with the reinforcements projecting` from the ends thereof and with hair pins projecting` from the sides.

ln constructing' the skeleton for the building;7 the sill 5 is first laid. lf the sill be of shop cast elements they7 Will be placed in position in alinement with spaces between their ends and the reinforcements will project into such spaces.

lf the sills are to be field cast a mold or molds defining such sills Will be placed in position and rein'lrnfccmcnts will be properly positioned in the mold and hair pins will `be attached to the i'einforceuients uit iutervals and project through the walls ol the molds. Vertical molt s will be erected at intervals on the lield cast sill molds or at the joints between the elements of the shop cast sills. when used, and vertical ments with hail.' pins attached Will be positioned the `vertical molds. Floor beams will be positioned projecting` into the sill molds or into the spaces between the shop cast sill elements. lt Will be understood that sills similar to il will be positioned throughout the space occupied by the same to support the partition studs.

T he molds are non7 rfilled with concrete to the desired level. The shop cast struts are nonT placed in position with their ends overwith their reinforcements projecting into the molds. `Concrete is now poured into the molds embedding the the projecting reinforcements. This operation will be repeated until the level of the nent floor is reached. j j

When the field cast elements have reached the height of the first floor the shop cast floor beams for the next story are placed in position 4with their ends resting on the `top ofthe studs thusl far cast and with their reinforceends of the struts and' reinforcements projecting into the space above the` studs so far cast. A shop cast reinforced concrete member i3 is now placed inposition between the ends of the floor beams Where they rest upon the studs. Other` members l?) are placed in position parallel to the beams Where they are parallel to the Walls of the completed structure. The members 113 will form a ribbon entirely around each room of the building and Will project slightly inside of the inner face of each 'vertical field cast element for a purpose to be hereinafter specified. The reinforcements of the members 155 project from one face of the members near the ends thereof into the spaces in which the studs are to be formed. Projecting from the lower edges of the members are hair pins lll which are engaged With the reinforcements of the members.

When the floor beams and ribbon are in place vthe molds of the studs are extended to thelerel of the next row of shop cast menibers and concrete is introduced therein to such level embedding` the ends of the floor beams and then projecting` reinforcements and one side of the ribbon andlhe projecting ends of the reinforcements of its members.

The n'orl-l: will proceed as before until the ultimate height of the building` is reached. The rafters 4l are then placed in position with their ends resting' on the tops of the studs thus far cast, the stud molds are eX- tended to the lefel of the tops of the rafters and concrete is introduced fillingthe molds to 'the top and embedding' the ends of the rafters and their projecting' reinforcements.

lloolzs lo are attached to hair pins projecting' from the lower Y'ace of the Window sills S for a purpose to be hereinafter specified.

When the lield cast elements have become dr)v and set the molds are removed and the frame of the building' is finished and in position to receive the outer surface 16, walls 17, ceilings 18, floors 18a and roof. The above mentioned exposed surfaces are all constructed in the same manner except as to the plastic material. employed.

A metal lathingr or sheathing 19 is secured to the outer and inner faces of the studs tl, lintels 7, sills 5 and S and struts 9. A sheet 2,0 of n'atcr-proofed felt or other moisture resisting` material is placed in position bctween the `member 19 and the frame element but this sheet 2O may be omitted, if desired. That portion ofthe lathing i9 at `the tops and sides of the door and Window openings is bent inward as at 2l. The sheet 2O may be secured to the frame before vthe lat-hing or it may be secured to the latter during or after the manufacture of the same.

The sheathing` 19 may be of any desired lll) i lil) construction, but I prefer to employ a metal lathing, thel material of which is slit at intervals and the material between slits is pressed outward alternately on each side of the plates. Ait certain parts of the plates, forming the latl` the metal is pressedk upward to form ri'dges 22 to space the body of the latir from the sheet 20w-hen used or from the framework when the sheet is omitted; Y

The lathing is secured in positiony by passing the hair pins 12 through theA slits in the for-mer and twisting the legs of the hair pin togetheraround the material of the lat-h; The hairl pins 14; projecting from the underside of'4 the ribbon 13 are secured to the edges of the ceiling lath to retain the samein position between' the floor beams l0 and at those.portions-ofthe frame parallel to the` floor' beams. The hooks l5 carried by the hair pins inV the lower side of the window sills: are engaged with the lathing to support the latter at those points and the hair pins projecting. into' the door and window openings will support the bentr in' portions of the lathing at thosepoints. The ridges QQ'eXtendhorizontally of the framework and brace the lathing or sheathing between the'studs 6.

Stucco-is now applied to the exterior lathingto form theweathering surface-16. Concrete is spread' over the lathing on the tops of the floor beams and rafters and uniting with thev lathing will form reinforced concrete floors and roof. Plaster is applied t-o the interior lathing to form the walls and ceilings.

The ridges 22 will produce air spaces between the field cast elements and thev lathing proper. These air spaces'will surround the entire building andY eifectually prevent the entrance of moisture and frost and prevent radiation of heat from t-he building. The air spaces between the ceiling and floors will prevent the passage of heattherethrough and will also act to prevent the passage of sound.

rllhe ridoes on the floor wall and ceilinok C 7 lathing or any of them may be dispensed with if desired and ordinary metal lathing or sheathing may be used at these points. ln this construction the air space formed by the ridges 22 of the stucco surface will be relied upon to insulate the interior of the building. This construction 'may bedesirable in mild, dry climates. If desired the ridges 22 may be omitted and the lathing or v sheathing placed directly against the studs with or without the felt sheet 20.

The number of shop cast elements is small as regards size and shape and building of many different sizes and types may be constructed with the use of a greater or smaller number of such elements. In the building illustrated siX patterns of shop cast elekoutside oli ments are employed and this number' may be reduced' by casting the ribbon members 13 andstu'ds 9 on thejob.

j lf desired the entire frame of the buildingmay beV composed of shop cast elements with projecting reinforcements and grouted together at the points of intersection of the members. By this construction the only field made portions ofi the structure will be the floors, walls, ceilings and those portions exposed tothe wea-ther.

In Fig. 9 i show a. modification in which my invention is employed. in connection with a sheathing of a well knownV make. rlhis sheathii'lg is manufactured by arranging longitudinal wiresQQb and.- transverse wires 22 on opposite sides ofl a` sheet of tarred felt and electricallywelding the wires together through small holes previously punched in the felt atv each; point where the w-irescross. A1 horizontally arrangedk spacer 23 is placedV in positionfbetween the sheathtiona the air spaces will. be defined by'sheets of moisture proof material.

The-hair pins instead of being looped around the reinforcements may ybe I embedded as shown in Fig. l0, When this construction is employedk a rod-or wire may, be passed through the loops ofi. the hairpin the shezathing orthe loops-'may be bent down over the vsheathing members.,

in accordance witlr the provisions` of the patent statutes l have describedi the principle of my invention together with theapparatus which now consider to represent the bestI embodiment thereof, but I' desire to have it understood that the apparatus shown is merely illustrative, and that the invention may be carried out in other ways.

Having thus described my invention what l now claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is:

Il. A structure comprising field cast reinforced concrete elements and shop cast reinforced concrete members united to form a monolithic framework, metal lathing, waterproof` material between the lathing and framework, spacers disposed between said material and said lathing, and connecting wires embedded in said framework7 anchored to the reinforcements thereof, and extendin therefrom to extend through the lathing and material to securely anchor such lathand spacers in position.

2. A structure comprising field cast concrete elements and shop cast concrete members united to form a monolithic framework, reinforcement rods formed in said framework, metal lathing, a waterproof material arranged parallel to the lathing,

spacers disposed between `said material and said lathing, and connecting wires embedded in said famework, looped around said reinforcement rods and having their free ends projecting therefrom to extend through the lathing and material, the ends of said wires being secured together to securely anchor the lathing and spacers in position.

A structure comprising field cast reinforced concrete elements and shop cast re inforced concrete members united to form a monolithic framework, metal lathing or sheathingsecured to the exterior of the framework, ridges being formed in said lathing to space the lathing from the framework connecting wires being embedded in said framework and extending therefrom to extend through the lathing, the projecting ends of the wires being secured together to securely anchor the lathing and Spacers in position, and a plastic material secured to the lathing or sheathing on the side of the same opposite the elements and a sheet of water-proof materialbetween the plastic material and the framework.

4f. A structure comprising field cast rein- -forced concrete elements and shop cast reinforced concrete members united to form a monolithic framework, metal lathing or sheathing secured to the exterior of the ele# ments, a spacing member between the lathing and the elements, stucco applied to the side of the lathing to inclose the space between the lathing and the member, metal lathing or sheathing secured to the opposite sides of the elements, a sheet between the lathing and the elements, ridges expressed from the lathing to space the lathing from the elements, connecting wires embedded in said framework and extending therefrom to extend through the lathing to secure the ing wires embedded in the framework Yand i having. looped ends extending therefrom, hookssupported by said looped ends attached to said wall lathing to anchor the same in position, and plastic material Y applied to said lathing to form the ceiling and walls of said structure.

6. A structure comprising field cast reinforced concrete elements and shop cast reinforced concrete members united to form a monolithic framework, wall `lathing, a sheet of water-proof material between the lathing and framework, connecting wires embedded in the framework and having looped ends extending therefrom, hooks linked to saidflooped ends and attached to said wall lathing to anchorthe same in position, and plastic material applied to said lathing to form the ceiling and walls `of said structure.

This specification signed and `witnessed this 31st day of January, 1918.

JoHN T. SIMPSON.

`Witnesses Y A. E. BENTON, M. I. WARD. 

